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Definition - Verbs are words that describe
a state of being or an action. Examples of Spanish verbs are:
ser [to be],
tener [to have], ir [to go], hacer [to make], escuchar
[to hear], partir [to leave], ...
Types - There are several kinds of verbs.
The following definitions refer to the most used terms in grammatical
explanations.
Infinite verbs only name the state of being or action, without giving
other information:
Necesito comprar
el periódico. [I need to buy the newspaper.]
Lola va a tomar
un curso de inglés. [Lola is going to take an English course.]
Quisiéramos
beber café, por favor. [We would
like to drink coffee, please.]
Infinite verbs can be conjugated into finite forms. Finite verbs not
only name the state of being or action, but also indicate who performs
the action (the subject)
and when the action is performed (e.g. present, past, future).
Yo leo
una carta. [I am reading a letter.]
Manolo tiene
un coche amarillo. [Manolo has a yellow car.]
Bebemos
el café. [We drink the coffee.]
Ayer usted compró
un libro. [Yesterday you bought a book.]
Van
al cine mañana. [They will go to the cinema tomorrow.]
Transitive verbs name actions that 'aim' at an object,
either a thing or a person. These verbs need an object to be complete
and make sense. Verbs like 'hacer [to make]' or llevar [to wear]', for
instance, do not make sense unless we know what is being made or what
is being worn.
Carmen hace
el café. [Carmen makes the coffee.]
El señor
Díaz toma el taxi. [Mr Diaz takes
the taxi.]
Felipe lleva
un traje azul. [Felipe wears a blue suit.]
Intransitive verbs do not 'aim' at anything or anybody. Verbs like 'caminar
[to walk]' or 'volar [to fly]' describe actions that do not have an impact
on an object.
Miguel camina.
[Miguel walks.]
Este avión
vuela. [This plane is flying.]
Note: some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive.
Correr
en una carrera. [To run in a race.]
Correr
un riesgo. [To run a risk.]
Use - Regular verbs conjugate into the various
finite forms according to a fixed pattern. If we know the infinite form
of a regular verb, we can conjugate the verb following this regular pattern.
In Spanish this means that we delete a certain ending from the infinite
form and replace it with other endings.
An example of Spanish regular verb:
Infinite - hablar
[to speak]
Conjugation - yo
hablo [I speak]
- tú hablas
[you speak]
- él/ella
habla [he/she speaks]
- usted habla
[you speak - polite form]
- nosotros hablamos
[we speak]
- vosotros habláis
[you speak]
- ellos/ellas
hablan [they speak]
- ustedes hablan
[you speak - polite form]
Irregular verbs, on the contrary, do not follow a regular model.
An examples of Spanish irregular verb:
Infinite - ir
[to go]
Conjugation - yo
voy [I go]
- tú vas
[you go]
- él/ella
va [he/she goes]
- usted va
[you go - polite form]
- nosotros vamos
[we go]
- vosotros vais
[you go]
- ellos/ellas
van [they go]
- ustedes van
[you go - polite form]
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